SAMR Approach

Building on this ‘pedagogy first’ approach, the SAMR model also provides a useful framework for evaluating ICT purpose within the classroom.

It describes four methods in which technology can be used;

• Substitution
• Augmentation
• Modification
• Redefinition (Puentedura 2014).

When applied reflectively, SAMR supports educators to move beyond surface-level ICT use and critically evaluate whether digital tools are enhancing student thinking, inquiry, and understanding rather than simply replacing traditional practices. An example of how this may be applied in a secondary science scenario, is conceptually teaching students how to use Microsoft Excel, so that they understand how portraying data in various graphical mediums allows one to efficiently draw accurate conclusions. If combined with pedagogy-first decision-making, the SAMR model supports intentional and transformative ICT integration that aligns with curriculum outcomes (Howell & McMaster, 2022).